CHAPTER-5: Print Culture and the Modern World
Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQ) [1 Mark]
Q 1. Who was Marcopolo?
(a) German scientist (b) English philosopher (c) Spanish explorer (d) Italian traveller/explorer
Q 2. Who wrote about the injustices of the caste system in ‘Gulamgiri’?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy (b) Jyotiba Phule (c) Balgangadhar Tilak (d) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Q 3. Which of the following refers to print revolution?
(a) Invention of printing press (b) Shift from hand printing to mechanical printing (c) Revolt of people against printed matters (d) Handwritten manuscripts for printed books
Q 4. Aim of Protestant Reformation was to:
(a) Reform religion (b) reform the Catholic Church (c) Reform Jewish religion (d) to protest against all reform
Q 5. Why was James Augustus Hickey persecuted by Governor General Warren Hastings?
(a) For poor editing of Bengal Gazette (b) For publishing a lot of gossip about company’s Senior Official (c) For publishing substandard material (d) None of these
Q 6. By whom was ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ published in 1821?
(a) Iswer Chandra Vidyasagar (b) C.R. Das (c) Raja Rammohun Roy (d) Swami Vivekanand
Q 7. In ancient India which of the following material was used for writing manuscripts?
(a) Parchments (b) Vellum (c) Palm leaves (d) Paper
Q 8. Skilled hand writers were known as ____.
Q 9. _____ was the Latin scholar who expressed deep anxiety about printed book.
Q 10. ‘Amar Jiban’ is the autobiography of _____ .
Q 11. Amar Jiban was the autobiography written by Rashsundari Debi. (True/False)
Q 12. Vellum is the parchment made of animal skin. (True/False)
Q 13. Monnocchio said “The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress”. (True/False)
Q 14. Match the columns.
Column A Column B
(a) Chap book (i) Earlier name of Tokyo
(b) Gutenburg (ii) First printed book published in Europe
(c) Manuscript (iii) Pocket size cheap book
(d) Edo (iv) Handwritten original text
(e) Bible (v) Printing Press
Q 15. Which one of the following is the oldest Japanese book? [CBSE 2014]
(a) Sutta Pitaka (b) Diamond Sutra (c) Mahavamsa (d) Dipavamsa
Q 16. The reformation movement was launched against the corrupt practices of which of the following group?
(a) Feudal Lords (b) Protestant Church (c) Catholic Church (d) Absolute rulers
Q 17. Who among the following was not a women novelist?
(a) Jane Austen (b) Bronte Sisters (c) George Eliot (d) Maxim Gorky
Q 18. The first printing press was developed by _____.
Q 19. _______ is an art of beautiful and stylised writing.
Q 20. American explorer Marco Polo brought back the knowledge of printing to Italy. (True/False)
Q 21. ‘Bengal Gazette’ the weekly magazine was brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya. (True/False)
Q 22. Where did the earliest kind of print technology i.e., the system of hand printing develop?
Q 23. Name the Chinese traditional book which was folded and stitched at the side.
Q 24. What is calligraphy?
Q 25. Name the city in China, which became the hub of new print culture in the late nineteenth century.
Q 26. Name the oldest Japanese book.
Q 27. What was the earlier name of Tokyo?
Q 28. In early times how did silk and spices from China reach Europe?
Q 29. What is vellum?
Q 30. How were woodblocks used in Europe in the early fifteenth century?
Q 31. What are taverns?
Q 32. Why did the Roman Catholic Church begin to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558?
Q 33. What are almanacs?
Q 34. What are chapbooks?
Q 35. What were Biliotheque Blue in France?
Q 36. Who said the following words: ‘Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the world! Tremble before the virtual writer!’
Q 37. What was the contribution of Richard M. Hoe to the art of printing?
Q 38. What were Shilling Series? Q 39. Mention any one characteristic feature of an offset press.
Q 40. Who brought the printing press first to Goa?
Q 41. Who brought out the Bengal Gazette?
Q 42. Who published Sambad Kaumudi?
Q 43. Name two Persian newspapers which were published from 1822 onwards.
Q 44. Name the first edition of Indian religious text published in vernacular.
Q 45. Who wrote the autobiography Amar Jiban?
Q 46. What was the subject matter of the writings of Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai?
Q 47. Name the book published by Rama Chadha in Punjab. What was the main theme of the book?
Q 48. What was Battala?
Q 49. What was the main topic of Jyotiba Phule’s book Gulamgiri?
Q 50. Why was the Vernacular Press Act passed?
Q 51. Who was the editor of the newspaper Kesari?
Q 52. What is lithography?
Q 53. Who proclaimed printing as the ultimate and the greatest gift of God? Q 54. What was Penny Magazine?
Q 55. Name two presses which published numerous religious texts in vernacular languages.
Short Answer Type Questions (SAQ) [3 Marks]
Q 56. ‘The imperial State in China, was the major producer of printed material’. Support this statement with examples.
Q 57. How was printing culture influenced by the spread of cities and urban culture in China?
Q 58. Describe the progress of print in Japan.
Q 59. Mention some new interesting practices used in Japan.
Q 60. Who brought the technology of woodblock printing to Europe? Why was it not popular in aristocratic circles? Who purchased the wood printed books?
Q 61. Who were the people who employed scribes to write in the 14th century?
Q 62. Why did the woodblock method become popular in Europe?
Q 63. Explain the main features of the first printed Bible.
Q 64. Why did the new technology not entirely displace the existing art of producing books by hand?
Q 65. In which three ways did the printed books at first closely resemble the written manuscripts?
Q 66. How did print bring the reading public and hearing public closer?
Q 67. Explain the role played by print in bringing about a division in the Roman Catholic Church.
Q 68. How did ideas about science, reason and rationality find their way into popular literature in the 18th century Europe?
Q 69. Who was Menocchio? Why and how did he face the wrath of the Roman Catholic Church?
Q 70. Print popularised the ideas of the enlightenment thinkers. Explain.
Q 71. Explain any three reasons which created a large number of new readers in the nineteenth century.
Q 72. How did Mercier describe the impact of printed word and power of reading on himself?
Q 73. What did the spread of print culture in the 19th century do to: (a) Children (b) Workers in Europe
Q 74. Highlight any three innovations which have improved the printing technology from 19th century onwards. Or Give three methods by which printed books became more accessible to people.
Q 75. What were the limitations of handwritten manuscripts in India? Explain. Or Explain any three features of handwritten manuscripts before the age of print in India.
Q 76. It is difficult for us to imagine a world without printed matter. Justify the statement giving any three suitable arguments.
Q 77. What were the difficulties faced by manuscripts in India?
Q 78. Write a short note on how printing press came to India.
Q 79. Examine the role of missionaries in the growth of press in India.
Q 80. How did print help connect communities and people in different parts of India? Explain with examples.
Q 81. How did Hindu religious texts benefit from printing?
Q 82. Why did the Ulema oppose English culture? What step did they take to counter the impact?
Q 83. What was the role of “new visual image” culture in printing in India?
Q 84. Write the name of any two women writers of India in 19th century and highlight the contribution of anyone who wrote about the different experiences of the women.
Q 85. What was the role of cartoons and caricatures in the new forms of publications?
Q 86. How had the earliest printing technology developed in the world? Explain with examples.
Q 87. Who was Gutenberg? How did he invent the printing press? How did his invention bring a revolution in the field of printing ideas?
Q 88. Examine the reasons for a virtual reading mania in Europe in the 18th century.
Or
How did new form of popular literature appear in print targeting new audience in the 18th century? Explain with examples.
Q 89. How did oral culture enter print and how was printed material transmitted orally? Explain.
Or
How did a new reading public emerge with the printing press? Explain.
Q 90. Who was Louise-Sebastien Mercier? What was his opinion on the printing press? Explain three reasons why it is believed that print culture created the conditions within which the French Revolution occurred.
Q 91. (a) Explain the term ‘Inquisition’ and ‘Heretical’.
(b) ‘Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith’. Explain with the help of example.
(c) Why did Church maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558?
Q 92. Explain with examples the role of print culture in the bringing of French Revolution.
Q 93. Who was James Augustus Hickey? Name the paper edited by him? How did he describe his weekly magazine? What did he publish in his magazine?
Q 94. What was Protestant Reformation?
Q 95. What strategies were developed by printers and publishers in the 19th and 20th century to sell their product?
Long Answer Type Questions (LAQ) [5 Marks]
Q 96. When was Deoband Seminary founded? Why? Why did it publish thousands of fatwas?
Q 97. Explain how the print media and newspapers became agencies of religious reform and public debate in India during the early 19th century.
Q 98. ‘‘By the end of 19th century a new visual culture was taking shape.’’ Explain. Or Explain the effect of print technology on Indian visual culture in the 19th century.
Q 99. ‘Printing technology gave women a chance to share their feelings with the world outside.’ Support the statement with any five suitable examples.
Q 100. What was the attitude of liberal and conservative Indians towards women’s reading? How did women like Kailash Bashini Debi respond to this in her writings?
Q 101. Why the printed books were popular even among illiterate people? Q 102. Examine the various innovations in print technology in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Passage Based Short Answers Type Questions (SAQ)
1. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows
Source A- Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and discussion. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas. Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think differently, and move them to action. This had significance in different spheres of life.
Source B-The Reading Mania
The ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the common people. Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compiled and published, and maps and scientific diagrams were widely printed. When scientists like Isaac Newton began to publish their discoveries, they could influence a much wider circle of scientifically minded readers. The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were also widely printed and read. Thus their ideas about science, reason and rationality found their way into popular literature.
Source C -Print Culture and the French Revolution
Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers. Collectively, their writings provided a critical commentary on tradition, superstition and despotism. They argued for the rule of reason rather than custom, and demanded that everything be judged through the application of reason and rationality. They attacked the sacred authority of the Church and the despotic power of the state, thus eroding the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were read widely; and those who read these books saw the world through new eyes, eyes that were questioning, critical and rational.
Source A-Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
1. Evaluate the effectiveness of Print in the transmission of ideas and cultures.
Source B-The Reading Mania
2. To what extent do you agree that scientific ideas were circulated through Print? Give only one aspect.
Source C --- Print Culture and the French Revolution
3. To what extent did print culture create conditions for French Revolution? Cite anyone evidence to support your answer.
2. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Source A: Print Comes to India From 1780
James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette, a weekly magazine that described itself as ‘a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by none’. So it was private English enterprise, proud of its independence from colonial influence that began English printing in India. Hickey published a lot of advertisements, including those that related to the import and sale of slaves. But he also published a lot of gossip about the Company’s senior officials in India. Enraged by this, Governor-General Warren Hastings persecuted Hickey.
Source B: Print Culture and the French Revolution
The ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the common people. Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compiled and published, and maps and scientific diagrams were widely printed. When scientists like Isaac Newton began to publish their discoveries, they could influence a much wider circle of scientifically-minded readers. The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were also widely printed and read. Thus their ideas about science, reason and rationality found their way into popular literature.
Source C: The Nineteenth Century Women became important as readers as well as writers
Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as were manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels began to be written in the nineteenth century, women were seen as important readers. Some of the best-known novelists were women. Their writings became important in defining a new type of woman: a person with a will, the strength of personality, determination and the power to think.
Questions: Source A: What led to the execution of Hickey?
Source B: Give one example to show that the ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the common people through print.
Source C: Name some best-known women novelists of Europe who re-defined the picture of women in society.
3. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Source A: Further Innovations Printers and publishers continuously developed new strategies to sell their products. Nineteenth-century periodicals serialised important novels, which gave birth to a particular way of writing novels. In the 1920s in England, popular works were sold in cheap series, called the Shilling Series. The dust cover or the book jacket is also a twentieth century innovation. With the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s, publishers feared a decline in book purchases. To sustain buying, they brought out cheap paperback editions.
Source B: The Nineteenth Century: Children As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century; children became an important category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. A children’s press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales.
Source C: Manuscripts before the Age of Print India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts – in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages. Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. Pages were sometimes beautifully illustrated. They would be either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation. Manuscripts continued to be produced till well after the introduction of print, down to the late nineteenth century.
Questions:
Source A: How publishers withstand the market during the Great Depression?
Source B: What motivated a large number of children in Europe to become readers?
Source C: Mention the technique of preserving the manuscript in India.
SOURCE : HTTPS://KVSROJABALPUR.IN/